Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the commonest cause of anovulation and a leading cause of infertility. But how exactly does PCOS influence the fertility of affected women?
Fertility struggles are one of the hurdles for women with PCOS, a condition impacting over 110 million young women worldwide, though WHO estimates that 70% remain undiagnosed. These challenges often serve as a key indicator of this condition. “About 1 in 10 girls struggle with irregular periods and other symptoms, but often it is inability to get pregnant that leads to diagnose” highlights Anita Fincham, Advocacy Manager at Fertility Europe, the Pan-European organisation representing patients’ associations dedicated to infertility.
In this article, we explore this pivotal issue by addressing common questions that may arise. If you need further information, consult your doctor for personalized medical advice.
1. What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
PCOS is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. It manifests through a spectrum of symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles, weight fluctuations, hirsutism, and acne. Also, PCOS represents the most frequent cause of anovulatory subfertility and infertility (see question 4) in young women. More information is available here.
2. What are subfertility and infertility?
Subfertility and infertility are frequently confused, though they carry distinct meanings. Subfertility means that the ability to conceive a child naturally exists, but it may take longer than average. An infertile person is unlikely to conceive without the help of a medical specialist.
3. How does the menstrual cycle work?
The menstrual cycle is governed by fluctuations in female hormones. Initially, estrogen prompts egg development in the ovary and releases it into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized. Estrogen also causes the uterus lining to thicken. Later, progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy but, if fertilization of the egg does not occur, the levels of both hormones fall and the uterus lining sheds (menstruation).
4. How does PCOS impact on fertility?
As Fincham explains, “PCOS causes problems with ovulation and ovulation is a crucial element of fertility”. PCOS is one of the main causes of anovulation, which happens when an egg is not released from the ovary. The link between PCOS and anovulation can be caused by different factors. In cases of PCOS, the outer layer of the ovaries may become thicker, and small cysts may form. Moreover, women with PCOS often experience elevated levels of androgens and insulin, which can alter the menstrual cycle.
5. What are the fertility treatment options for women with PCOS?
Some medications can help regulate the menstrual cycle and stimulate ovulation. However, the first crucial step is having an open dialogue with your doctor to find the best approach for your fertility concerns.
Fertility Europe stresses the significance of informed decision-making. Anita notes, “in every case, patients should be aware of the risks and empowered to maintain a lifestyle conducive to pregnancy.” Moreover, they advocate for integrating PCOS education into school sexuality programs to ensure girls are informed about symptom management and have timely access to medical support.
6. Can lifestyle help women with PCOS to get pregnant?
Of course! Positive lifestyle choices can be pivotal in efforts to conceive.
From Fertility Europe, they advise balanced dietary changes and regular physical activity. This involves avoiding extreme diets and opting for balanced approaches like the Healthy Eating Pyramid or Healthy Eating Plate. Regarding physical activity: “We suggest starting with low-impact activities such as walking, cycling, swimming, or yoga, and doing them regularly. Finding enjoyable activities is crucial as it promotes sustainability. Furthermore, incorporating everyday activities (like getting off the bus earlier or using stairs) can contribute to overall physical activity levels”.
Additionally, it’s helpful to connect with local or national patient support associations focused on infertility or PCOS for emotional support and practical guidance.
7. How is fertility related to SPIOMET4HEALTH?
SPIOMET4HEALTH is a clinical trial testing a new treatment that tackles the root of PCOS, rather than masking the symptoms. The treatment aims to regulate the menstrual cycle and improve the fertility of PCOS patients as well as to prevent the other common symptoms.